Gen info
Horsetail belongs to a species of a primitive nonflowering plant in the genus Equisetum, most common of which are E. hyemale and E. arvense. Another, E. palustre, contains a toxic alkaloid, palustrine, and should be avoided.

Botany
A ferny perennial with jointed rootstocks. Stems and simple and erect, smooth and regularly striated, 80 cm tall, diameter 3-5 mm, branched, usually without sub-branches. Rhizome looks like a string of beads.

Distribution
Difficult to eradicate once cultivated and established.
Used for erosion control by sides of ponds.
Popular for ornamental or landscaping use.

Constituents and properties
Horsetail contains silicon; considered as a natural supplement for osteoporosis.
Also, has a high silica content. which accounts for its use as a natural scouring or sanding pad.
Flavanoids probably responsible for its diuretic action.
Styptic effect, strengthening and regenerating the connective tissue.
Rich in nutrients and minerals: calcium, potassium, magnesium.

Part utiliezed
Stems

Uses
Folkloric
Decoction used for kidney problems, rheumatisim, gout, venereal diseases.
Used for sprains, eczema, hair rinse.
Traditionally used in Europe as a herbal diuretic for edema and fluid retention.
Considered for osteoporosis, nephrolithtiasis and wound healing.
Used for cholelithiasis, liver problems, hyperuricemia, diarrhea.
Used externally, to facilitate wound healing.
Others
Ornamental: stems used for flower arrangements.
Scouring and sanding from its high silica content.
Dye: Yields a yellowish green color when mordanted with alum; deeper green with iron.

Caution
Toxic in large amounts. Horsetail growing in highly fertilized areas draw selenium and nitrates from the soil. Children using the hollow stems as blowgun may also be at risk.

Availability
Cultivated
Tea bags (Horsetail Herbal Tea)