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Bangkal is the local name for two species of Genus Nauclea: Bulobangkal (Nauclea Junghuhnii) and Bangkal (Nauclea orientalis).

Family • Rubiaceae
Bangkal
Nauclea orientalis
LEICHHARDT TREE
Other scientific names Common names
Cephalanthus chinensis Balikakak (Mag.)
Cephalanthus orientalis Bangkal (Tag., S. L. Bis., P. Bis., Mbo.)
Nauclea cordata Bulala (Ilk., Pang.)
Nuclea glaberrima Bulabangkal (Bis.)
Nauclea lutea Bulubitoan (P. Bis.)
Sarcocephalus cordatus Hambabalos (Bis.)
Sarcocephalus glaberrimus Kabag (Bis.)
Sarcocephalus orientalis  Kabak (C. Bis.)
  Mabalot (Tag.)
  Malakabak (Bag.)
  Mambog (Bik.)
  Malbog (S. L. Bis.)
  Cheesewood (Engl.)
  Leichhardt pine (Engl.)
  Leichhardt tree (Engl.)

 

Botany
Smooth tree, 7-16 meters high. The leaves are leathery, elliptic to oblong-ovate, 11-25 cm long, blunt-tipped and rounded or heart-shaped at the base. Stipules are green, ovate to elliptic, 1-3 cm long. Flowers heads are solitary, terminal, 4-5 cm diameter. Flowers are white.

Distribution
In secondary forests at low and medium altitudes.

Parts utilized
Bark

Uses
Folkloric
Leaves applied to boils and tumors.
Bark decoction for diarrhea and toothaches.
Elsewhere, bark used as ingredient in birth control concoctions.
• Aboriginal people of North Queensland crush the fruits in water to use as baby food; also used for coughs, colds, stomach pains and diarrhea.
Others
Fruits palatable to bats and birds.

Studies
• Antimalarial : Antimalarial Constituents from Nauclea orientalis (L.): Phytochemicals isolated two novel tetrahydro-B-carboline monoterpene alkaloid glucosides: naucleaorine and epimethoxynaucleaorine. Study showed moderate in vitro activities against Plasmodium falcifarum.
• Phytochemicals: New Indole Alkaloids from the Bark of Nauclea orientalis: Four new alkaloids, nauclealines A and B and naucleosides A and B, together with six known compounds were isolated from the bark of Nauclea orientalis.
• Antiproliferative / Alkaloids: Study yielded nine indole alkaloids from ammoniacal extracts of Nauclea orientalis. The compounds were found to exhibit in vitro anti-prolilferative activity against human bladder carcinoma T-24 cell line and epidermal growth-factor-dependent mouse epidermal keratinocytes.

Availability
Wild-crafted.


Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Antimalarial Constituents from Nauclea orientalis (L.)/ Zhen-Dan He, Cui-Ying Ma, Hong-Jie Zhang, Ghee Teng Tan / Chemistry & Biodiversity • Volume 2 Issue 10, Pages 1378 - 1386
(2)
New Indole Alkaloids from the Bark of Nauclea orientalis / Zhizhen Zhang, Hala N. ElSohly et al
(3)
Indole alkaloids with in vitro antiproliferative activity from the ammoniacal extract of Nauclea orientalis./ Erdelmeier C A et al / Planta-Med. 1992 Feb; 58(1): 43-8 /
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