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Family • Guttiferae
Guyong-guyong
Cratoxylon sumatranum Jack (Blume)
Cratoxylon sumatranum subsp. blancoi (Blume) Gogelein

Scientific names Common names
Ancistrolobus floribundus Turcz. Alinggogon (Bik.)
Cratoxylon arboreum Elmer Bagatubang (S. L. Bis.)
Cratoxylon clandestinum Blume Bansilai (C. Bis.)
Cratoxylon floribundum (Turcz.) Fern.-Vill. Baringkokoron (Ilk.)
Cratoxylon hornschuchii Blume Barinkukuron (Pang.)
Cratoxylon hypericinum Merr Baringkukurung (Ilk.)
Cratoxylon racemosum Blume Gansilai (Sul., Yak.)
Elodea sumatrana Jack Goyong-goyong (Pang.)
Infraspecific taxa: Guyong-guyong (Tag., Bik.)
Cratoxylon sumatranum subsp. blancoi (Blume) Gogelein Kansilan (P. Bis.)
Cratoxylon sumatranum subsp. nerifolium (Kurz) Gogelein Kansilai (Tag., P. Bis., Sul.)
  Oriñgon (P. Bis.)
  Paguiliñgan (C. Bis.)
  Paguligin (Tag.)
  Paguliñgon (P. Bis.)
  Paguriñgon (Bis.)
  Salinggogon (Bik.)
  Ugiñgan (Ibn.)
  Uling (Ig.)
  Uring (Ig.)
In Quisumbing's compilation, guyong-guyong is a common names shared by two species of Cratoxylon: C. blancoi and C. celebicum.
Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume is an accepted name. The Plant List
Cratoxylum blancoi Blume is a synonym of Cratoxylum sumatranum subsp. blancoi (Blume) Gogelein The Plant List
Cratoxylum sumatranum subsp. blancoi (Blume) Gogelein is an accepted name, with two isted synonyms: Cratoxylum blancoi Blume and Cratoxylum punctulatum Elmer ex Merr. (Invalid). The Plant List`

Botany
Guyong-guyong is a smooth, branched, small- to medium-sized tree, up to 20 meters high. Leaves are opposite, ovate, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 5 to 15 centimeters long, 3 to 7 centimeters wide, smaller at the apex, entire, pointed at the apex, blunt or rounded at the base. Petioles are very short. Flowers are red and small, borne on terminal or axillary panicles, 5 to 7 centimeters long. Fruit is smooth, dark reddish-brown, ellipsoid, about 1 centimeter long, subtended at the base by a persistent calyx, dehiscing apically into 3 parts, containing numerous small, thin, brown, winged seeds, each 5 millimeters long.

Distribution
- In thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes.
- Widespread in Luzon; Babuyan Islands, Catanduanes, Palawan, Masbate, Panay, Negros, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Basilan, Mindanao.
- Endemic species.
- Cratoxylum sumatranum species is indigenous to Southeast Asia, including Burma, Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Bornea, Philippines, and Sulawesi. (3)

Properties
 - Considered galactagogue and abortifacient.

Parts used
Bark and leaves.

Uses
Folkloric
- Crushed leaves placed on the forehead and breast for colds.
- Internally, decoction of bark and leaves used as abortifacient.
- Decoction of bark used as galactagogue
Others
- Wood: C. sumatranum wood is used for interior construction and implements.
- Fuel: Wood used for fuel; also makes a good charcoal. (6)

Studies
• Note: No specific studies found on C. sumatranum subs. blancoi. Studies below are on Cratoxylum sumatranum and C. sumatranum subsp. neriifolium.
• Sumatraxanthone / Antioxidant / Rot Bark: Study of rot bark isolated a new xanthone, sumatranaxanthone A. Preliminary study showed antioxidative activity with ascorbic acid as standard.   (1)
• Xanthones and Vismione B: Study of leaves, twigs, and stem bark yielded six new xanthones, cratoxyarborenones A-F, along with known compound, vismione B, active constituents by fractionation using KB human cancer cell line cytotoxicity assay. (2)
• Cytotoxic Prenylated Xanthones: Study isolated six new xanthones, cratoxyarborenones A-F from the leaves, twigs, and/or stem bark of C. sumatranum along with known compound, visimone B, active constituents by bioassay-directed fractionation using the KB human cancer cell line cytotoxicity assay. (see constituents above) (5)
• Benzophenones and Xanthone / Antibacterial / Antioxidant / Roots and Twigs:Study of roots and twigs isolated two new benzophenones (1 and 2) and four new xanthones (4-6 and 17) along with 24 known compounds (3, 7-16 and 18-30). Compounds 5 and 26 showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermis with MICs ranging from 4 to 8 µg/mL, while compounds 7, 20, and 26 showed selective activities against S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa. Compounds 11 and 21 showed potent activity against DPPH with IC50 of 7.0 ± 1.0 and 6.0 ± 0.2 µM, respectively. (7)

Availability
Wild-crafted.
Note: Revisions made. Please see: Guyong-guyong / Cratoxylum celebicum

Updatef October 2019 / October 2013
IMAGE SOURCE / File:Clusiaceae sp Blanco2.308-original.png / Cratoxylon sumatranum / Hypericum olympicum / Flora de Filipinas / Franciso Manuel Blanco (OSA), 1880-1883 / Public Domain/ Wikimedia Commons
Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of New Xanthone from Rot Bark of Cratoxylum sumatranum / M.B.B. Buana, M. Iqbal, T.F. Barus, Z. Al-Fatony, H. Sudrajat and S. Khairi / Botany Research International 2 (4): 233-234, 2009
(2)
Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones and the unusual compounds anthraquinobenzophenones from Cratoxylum sumatranum. / Seo EK, Kim NC, Wani MC, Wall ME, Navarro HA, Burgess JP, Kawanishi K, Kardono LB, Riswan S, Rose WC, Fairchild CR, Farnsworth NR, Kinghorn AD. / J Nat Prod. 2002 Mar;65(3):299-305.
(3)
Cratoxylum sumatranum subsp. blancoi (Blume) Gogelein / The Plant List
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(4)
Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume / The Plant List
(5)
Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones and the unusual compounds anthraquinobenzophenones from Cratoxylum sumatranum. / Seo EK, Kim NC, Wani MC, Wall ME, Navarro HA, Burgess JP, Kawanishi K, Kardono LB, Riswan S, Rose WC, Fairchild CR, Farnsworth NR, Kinghorn AD. / J Nat Prod. 2002' pp 299-305
(6)
Cratoxylum sumatranum / Ken Fern: Tropical Plants Database / Useful Tropical Plants
(7)
New Benzophenones and Xanthones from Cratoxylum sumatranumssp. neriifolium and Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities / Cholpisut Tantapakul, Wisanu Maneerat, Tawanun Sripisut et al / J. Agric. Food Chem.201664468755-8762 / https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03643
It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. Copying and pasting the information on the search window or using the DOI (if available) will often redirect to the new link page. (Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier)
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