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Family Lamiaceae / Verbenaceae
Kasopangil
Clerodendrum intermedium Cham.

BLEEDING HEART
Bao da lung chuan hua

Scientific names  Common names  
Clerodendrum illustre N.E.Br. Aloksok (Bis.) 
Clerodendrum intermedium Cham. Asuangai (Bis.) 
Clerodendrum puberulum Merr. Balantana (Bis.) 
Volkameria casopanguil Blanco  Bantana (Bis.) 
  Buakan (C. Bis.)
  Buakan-buakan (C.Bis.)_
  Dagtung (C. Bis.)
  Humang (If.) 
  Iginga (Tag.) 
  Kalalauan (Tag.)  
  Kasopangil (Tag.) 
  Kasupangil (Tag.)
  Katungatum (Mag.)
  Kolokolog (Bis.) 
  Kusong (Tag.)
  Laroan-anito (Tag.) 
  Libintano (P. Bis.)
  Matang-kuwaw (Albay)
  Pakapis (Bis.) 
  Salinguak (P. Bis.) 
  Tapag-asuwang (Tag.)
  Glorybower (Engl.)
  Bagflower (Engl.)
  Bleeding heart (Engl.)
  Dragon boat flower (Engl.)
  Pagoda flower (Engl.)
Quisumbing's compilation provides five scientific synonyms for C. intermedium, while other compilations, including The Plant List provide only one: Volkameria casopanguil Blanco. POWO lists three.
Pagoda flower is a common name shared by Clerodendron intermedium (kasopangil) and C. paniculatum (Pangil-pangil).
Clerodendrum intermedium Cham. is an accepted species. KEW: Plants of the World Online

Other vernacular names
CHINESE: Bao da lung chuan hua, Ken ding ku lin pan.

Gen info
- Clerodendrum is a genus of flowering plants in the Lamiaceae family. It is a member of the subfamily Ajugoideae, one of four subfamilies transferred from Verbenaceae to Lamiaceae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetics.
-
Clerodendrum L. is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with more the 500 species identified, with ethnomedical use in many indigenous systems (Indian, Korean, Japanese, Thai, Chinese) for a variety of disease: syphilis, typhoid, cancer, jaundice and hypertension.

Botany
• Kasopangil is an erect, branched, shrubby or half-woody plant, 1 to 2 meters in height. Stems are green, four-angled. Leaves, ovate, 9 to 20 centimeters long, with a pointed tip and heart-shaped base, and shallowly toothed margins. Flowers are odorless, bright red, slender and borne in terminal panicles in the upper axil of leaves. Corolla-tube is about 1 centimeter long; limb is spreading, somewhat oblique, subequally 5-lobed, the lobes being oblong and obtuse, and 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Stamens are 2 centimeters long, and red or purplish. Fruit is fleshy, blue, depressed-rounded, about 1 centimeter in diameter, with 3 to 4 seeds. Calyx is accrescent, red, spreading or reflexed, about 2 centimeters in diameter.

• Clerodendrum intermedium is similar to Clerodendrum paniculatum, but the latter has bigger inflorescences and lobulate leaves. (3)

Distribution
- Native to the Philippines.
- Common in thickets, secondary forests, and damp places, and along muddy shores and tidal streams at low and medium altitudes throughout the Philippines.
- Also native to Borneo, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand.
(5)

Constituents
- Mature flowers tested positive for alkaloids, while young flowers (less than two months old) tested negative for alkaloids.
- Phytochemical screening yielded carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, and phenolic compounds in methanolic and aqueous extracts, and sterols in all extracts.

Properties
- Purgative, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary.

Parts utilized
Leaves, roots.

Uses
Folkloric
· Traditional healers in Laguna use poultice of leaves for sprains and stomachache. (6)
· In Albay, decoction of leaves drunk to treat colds; macerated leaves used as poultice. (4)
· Leaves, whole or pounded, used as cataplasm to relieve pains after childbirth.
· Leaves pounded with a little salt, applied to mumps (beke).
· Cataplasm of leaves used for rheumatism and neuralgia; also used for colic in children.
· Juice of steamed leaves used for colds and cough.
· Leaves, whole or pounded, applied to abdomen of parturient with abdominal in difficult labor. (7)
· For colic, leaves are heated over fire, then wiped with coconut oil and applied to the stomach.
· Roots used as purgative.
· In Quezon, young leaves used for headache; in Agusal de Norte, vine used for urinary tract infection; in Antique, leaves used for muscle pain; in Davao, leaves used for anemia and loose bowel movements; in Marinduque, leaves used for sprains; in Pampanga, leaves used on wounds; in Samar, roots used for measles. (8)

Studies
No studies found.

Availability
Wild-crafted.

Updated May 2025 / September 2019 / March 2015

PHOTOS / ILLUSTRATIONS
Photos © Godofredo Stuart / StuartXchange

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Clerodendrum and Heathcare: An Overview / Neeta Shrivastava* • Tejas Patel / Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology ©2007 Global Science Books

(2)
Initial Studies on Alkaloids from Lombok Medicinal Plants / Surya Hadi and John Bremmer / Molecules 2001, 6, 117-129

(3)
Clerodendrum / PROSEA
(4)
Analysis of Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants from Residents Near Kalikasan Park, Albay, Philippines / Lilibeth A Cajuday, Erwin N Bañares /  BU R&D Journal, 2019; 22(2): pp 21-28 /
pISSN: 0016-4139 / DOI: 10.47789/bursj.mbtcbbgs.20192202.5
(5)
Clerodendrum intermedium Cham. / Synonyms / KEW: Plants of the World Online
(6)
Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers in Laguna, Philippines / Rainer Roldan Fiscal / Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, November 2017; Vol 5, No 4: pp 132-137
(7)
Clerodendrum intermedium / William Brown / Minor Products of Philippine Forests
(8)
Clerodendrum intermedium - Kasopangil / Philippines Traditional Knowledge Digital Liibrary of Health

DOI: It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. Copying and pasting the information on the search window or using the DOI (if available) will often redirect to the new link page. (Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier)

                                                            List of Understudied Philippine Medicinal Plants
                                          New plant names needed
The compilation now numbers over 1,500 medicinal plants. While I believe there are hundreds more that can be added to the collection, they are becoming more difficult to find. If you have a plant to suggest for inclusion, native or introduced, please email the info: scientific name (most helpful), local plant name (if known), any known folkloric medicinal use, and, if possible, a photo. Your help will be greatly appreciated.

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